Majorca has a long history, which was mainly formed by conquerors, invaders, settlers and tourists. The Balearic Islands were formed around 150 million years ago. At first Mallorca was joined to the peninsula as an underwater island. One hundred million years later it became the island it is now. The main vegetation at that time was scrub forests, rosemary, wild olive, lentiscus as well as dwarf palms plus rockrose and lavender in the sierra. The fauna was not diverse and included among others small field mice and wood shrews. Early settlers arrived on the island around the 1st century AD, but it was not until the arrival of the Moors in the 10th century that Majorca saw anybody taking a significant stronghold upon it. The following 300 years were marked by battles between the occupying Muslims and the invading Christians. In the 13th century King Jaume I of Aragon and Catalunya took over the island, destroyed the properties that the Moors established and formed the independent Kingdom of Mallorca. In 1808 the city of Palma fought fiercely against the yoke of Napoleon, however, the development of the agricultural infrastructure and the rail network made progress. In the 20th century the island more and more became a popular destination for tourists as air travel became increasingly available. Today tourism is the main economic sector.